Historic Firsts of East Alabama
Honoring those who broke barriers and paved the way
Across East Alabama and throughout the surrounding region, there are individuals whose courage and determination forever changed the course of our communities.
They were the first.
The first to step into roles once denied to them.
The first to lead, to teach, to serve, to build, and to represent.
The first to challenge boundaries and open doors that had long been closed.
These pioneers did more than achieve personal milestones—they created pathways for others to follow. Their efforts helped shape the social, educational, economic, and political landscape we know today.
Yet, many of their stories remain untold, preserved only in memory, family history, or quiet reflection.
The Historic Firsts of East Alabama initiative is dedicated to identifying, documenting, and honoring these trailblazers. This growing archive seeks to preserve their names, their accomplishments, and their impact so that future generations will understand not only where we are—but how we got here.
A Community Effort
This work belongs to all of us.
We invite families, historians, churches, organizations, and community members to help us uncover and share these important stories. Whether widely known or remembered within a single family, every story matters.
They were the first.
The first to step into roles once denied to them.
The first to lead, to teach, to serve, to build, and to represent.
The first to challenge boundaries and open doors that had long been closed.
These pioneers did more than achieve personal milestones—they created pathways for others to follow. Their efforts helped shape the social, educational, economic, and political landscape we know today.
Yet, many of their stories remain untold, preserved only in memory, family history, or quiet reflection.
The Historic Firsts of East Alabama initiative is dedicated to identifying, documenting, and honoring these trailblazers. This growing archive seeks to preserve their names, their accomplishments, and their impact so that future generations will understand not only where we are—but how we got here.
A Community Effort
This work belongs to all of us.
We invite families, historians, churches, organizations, and community members to help us uncover and share these important stories. Whether widely known or remembered within a single family, every story matters.
Submit a Story:
Do you know someone who was “the first” to achieve something meaningful in East Alabama or the surrounding region?
We welcome your submission. By sharing their story, you help ensure that their legacy is preserved, honored, and recognized as part of our collective history.
Together, we remember.
Together, we honor.
Together, we build a legacy that will endure.
👉 Submit a Story
All submissions will be respectfully reviewed before publication.
Do you know someone who was “the first” to achieve something meaningful in East Alabama or the surrounding region?
We welcome your submission. By sharing their story, you help ensure that their legacy is preserved, honored, and recognized as part of our collective history.
Together, we remember.
Together, we honor.
Together, we build a legacy that will endure.
👉 Submit a Story
All submissions will be respectfully reviewed before publication.
| A Timeline of Progress Across East Alabama
Entries are organized chronologically to reflect the progression of historic achievements across East Alabama.
This collection includes both widely recognized figures and lesser-known individuals — some connected to the Clark family legacy, and others whose contributions stand independently — each representing a meaningful step forward in the history of East Alabama.”
1870s
Historic Marker placed to denote the place where the Black Methodist Conference was organized.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Central Alabama Conference Of the Methodist Church: In 1876, the Central Alabama Conference of the Methodist Church was organized
Year: 1876
Location: "Corn House Campgrounds", between Roanoke, and Wedowee, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
A Historic Marker commemorating the organization of The "Central Alabama Conference of The United Methodist Church" was unveiled near Wedowee, Alabama on July 7, 1976.
This Historic Monument currently stands at the intersection of U.S. Highway 431, and Randolph County Road 33.
Program participants during the unveiling of a Methodist Historical Marker between Roanoke and Wedowee: Participants were Reverend Chester Brown, Bishop Carl J. Sanders; District Superintendent C. Dennis Mays, Reverend J.C. Huguley, Reverend D.I. Kirk, and Reverend L. C. Marbury.
The marker reads: "Central Alabama Conference Of The Methodist Church organized in 1876 at Corn House Camp Grounds, between Wedowee and Roanoke, in Randolph County, Alabama. Celebrated, July 7, 1976"
FURTHER EXPLANATION:
The Central Alabama Conference of the Methodist Church was a distinct, historically African American regional body. It is significant as a symbol of the denomination's history with segregation and the civil rights movement, existing from 1876 until it integrated with white-majority conferences in 1972.
History of the Conference
Formation: Founded in 1876, the conference was created to segregate African American congregations from white congregations in Alabama following the Civil War.
The "Central" Name:
The word "central" did not refer to a geographic region. In Methodism, it was a designated term used nationally for African American conferences.
The Central Jurisdiction:
In 1939, Methodist denominations merged into a single national structure but maintained the "Central Jurisdiction," a segregated national network for Black conferences. The Central Alabama Conference was part of this structure.
Significance and Legacy
Civil Rights & Desegregation: The existence of these separate conferences and jurisdictions became a major point of contention during the mid-20th century civil rights era.
Integration:
As the national Methodist Church moved toward desegregation, the Central Jurisdiction was abolished. The Central Alabama Conference was officially eliminated and its 16,000 members were integrated into regional bodies, primarily the North Alabama Conference and the Alabama-West Florida Conference.
Educational Impact:
The conference also played a vital role in education, helping to manage and support schools like the Rust Institute (later Central Alabama College) in Huntsville and Birmingham, which trained Black teachers.
Today, the historical legacy of these segregated conferences is recognized by the United Methodist Church as a part of its journey toward racial equality, with local events and archives dedicated to preserving the history of its churches and members.
Encyclopedia of Alabama
United Methodists In Alabama
________________________________
Documentation: https://www.bhamwiki.com/w/Central_Alabama_Conference_Methodist_Church
The Roanoke Leader, Wednesday, June 27, 1979
The Roanoke Leader reported the unveiling of a historic marker, denoting the organization of
the Central Alabama Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, near Corn House
Campgrounds between Roanoke and Wedowee, Alabama.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Central Alabama Conference Of the Methodist Church: In 1876, the Central Alabama Conference of the Methodist Church was organized
Year: 1876
Location: "Corn House Campgrounds", between Roanoke, and Wedowee, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
A Historic Marker commemorating the organization of The "Central Alabama Conference of The United Methodist Church" was unveiled near Wedowee, Alabama on July 7, 1976.
This Historic Monument currently stands at the intersection of U.S. Highway 431, and Randolph County Road 33.
Program participants during the unveiling of a Methodist Historical Marker between Roanoke and Wedowee: Participants were Reverend Chester Brown, Bishop Carl J. Sanders; District Superintendent C. Dennis Mays, Reverend J.C. Huguley, Reverend D.I. Kirk, and Reverend L. C. Marbury.
The marker reads: "Central Alabama Conference Of The Methodist Church organized in 1876 at Corn House Camp Grounds, between Wedowee and Roanoke, in Randolph County, Alabama. Celebrated, July 7, 1976"
FURTHER EXPLANATION:
The Central Alabama Conference of the Methodist Church was a distinct, historically African American regional body. It is significant as a symbol of the denomination's history with segregation and the civil rights movement, existing from 1876 until it integrated with white-majority conferences in 1972.
History of the Conference
Formation: Founded in 1876, the conference was created to segregate African American congregations from white congregations in Alabama following the Civil War.
The "Central" Name:
The word "central" did not refer to a geographic region. In Methodism, it was a designated term used nationally for African American conferences.
The Central Jurisdiction:
In 1939, Methodist denominations merged into a single national structure but maintained the "Central Jurisdiction," a segregated national network for Black conferences. The Central Alabama Conference was part of this structure.
Significance and Legacy
Civil Rights & Desegregation: The existence of these separate conferences and jurisdictions became a major point of contention during the mid-20th century civil rights era.
Integration:
As the national Methodist Church moved toward desegregation, the Central Jurisdiction was abolished. The Central Alabama Conference was officially eliminated and its 16,000 members were integrated into regional bodies, primarily the North Alabama Conference and the Alabama-West Florida Conference.
Educational Impact:
The conference also played a vital role in education, helping to manage and support schools like the Rust Institute (later Central Alabama College) in Huntsville and Birmingham, which trained Black teachers.
Today, the historical legacy of these segregated conferences is recognized by the United Methodist Church as a part of its journey toward racial equality, with local events and archives dedicated to preserving the history of its churches and members.
Encyclopedia of Alabama
United Methodists In Alabama
________________________________
Documentation: https://www.bhamwiki.com/w/Central_Alabama_Conference_Methodist_Church
The Roanoke Leader, Wednesday, June 27, 1979
The Roanoke Leader reported the unveiling of a historic marker, denoting the organization of
the Central Alabama Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, near Corn House
Campgrounds between Roanoke and Wedowee, Alabama.
United Methodist Church, Huntsville, Alabama>
1890s
Historic Marker
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Hobson City, Alabama: Alabama's first all-African-American municipality.
Year: 1899
Location: Hobson City, Calhoun County, Alabama
Story:
Hobson City, Alabama, incorporated on August 16, 1899, is a historic town in Calhoun County known as the first self-governed all-Black municipality in the state. With a 2020 population of 759, it was formed from a former Oxford neighborhood called Mooree Quarter, offering a close-knit, historically significant community.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Hobson City, Alabama: Alabama's first all-African-American municipality.
Year: 1899
Location: Hobson City, Calhoun County, Alabama
Story:
Hobson City, Alabama, incorporated on August 16, 1899, is a historic town in Calhoun County known as the first self-governed all-Black municipality in the state. With a 2020 population of 759, it was formed from a former Oxford neighborhood called Mooree Quarter, offering a close-knit, historically significant community.
1900s
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
William Henry Holtzclaw: First African American Founder of an Educational Institution in Mississippi (Utica Institute)
Year: 1903
Location: Born near Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
“From Randolph County soil to regional legacy — his vision built pathways where none existed.”
William Henry Holtzclaw, born near Roanoke, Alabama to parents who had been formerly enslaved, rose from humble beginnings to become one of the most influential Black educators of his time. Determined to pursue an education, he wrote directly to Booker T. Washington and was granted admission to the Tuskegee Institute, where he trained under one of the greatest educational leaders in American history.
Inspired by Tuskegee’s model of industrial and academic education, Holtzclaw carried that vision forward. In 1903, he founded the Utica Normal and Industrial Institute in Utica, Mississippi—recognized as the first institution of higher learning in Mississippi established by an African American.
Through his leadership, Holtzclaw created opportunities for Black students in the Deep South at a time when access to education was severely limited. He believed education was not only a path to knowledge, but a foundation for economic independence, self-reliance, and community advancement.
His impact extended far beyond his lifetime. The institution he founded continues today as the Utica Campus of Hinds Community College, standing as a lasting testament to his vision, perseverance, and commitment to uplifting future generations.
Holtzclaw’s life reflects the powerful truth that one person—with determination, education, and purpose—can transform an entire region.
Holtzclaw also authored a book entitled "The Black Man's Burden" prefaced by Dr. Booker T. Washington.
__________________________
Documentation:
http://www.clarkhistoricsite.org/william-henry-holtzclaw.html
https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/william-henry-holtzclaw/
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/William_Henry_Holtzclaw
https://www.uticainstitute.org/about/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsY3TdwEwP4
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
William Henry Holtzclaw: First African American Founder of an Educational Institution in Mississippi (Utica Institute)
Year: 1903
Location: Born near Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
“From Randolph County soil to regional legacy — his vision built pathways where none existed.”
William Henry Holtzclaw, born near Roanoke, Alabama to parents who had been formerly enslaved, rose from humble beginnings to become one of the most influential Black educators of his time. Determined to pursue an education, he wrote directly to Booker T. Washington and was granted admission to the Tuskegee Institute, where he trained under one of the greatest educational leaders in American history.
Inspired by Tuskegee’s model of industrial and academic education, Holtzclaw carried that vision forward. In 1903, he founded the Utica Normal and Industrial Institute in Utica, Mississippi—recognized as the first institution of higher learning in Mississippi established by an African American.
Through his leadership, Holtzclaw created opportunities for Black students in the Deep South at a time when access to education was severely limited. He believed education was not only a path to knowledge, but a foundation for economic independence, self-reliance, and community advancement.
His impact extended far beyond his lifetime. The institution he founded continues today as the Utica Campus of Hinds Community College, standing as a lasting testament to his vision, perseverance, and commitment to uplifting future generations.
Holtzclaw’s life reflects the powerful truth that one person—with determination, education, and purpose—can transform an entire region.
Holtzclaw also authored a book entitled "The Black Man's Burden" prefaced by Dr. Booker T. Washington.
__________________________
Documentation:
http://www.clarkhistoricsite.org/william-henry-holtzclaw.html
https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/william-henry-holtzclaw/
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/William_Henry_Holtzclaw
https://www.uticainstitute.org/about/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsY3TdwEwP4
1910s
Randolph County Training School, Roanoke, Alabama
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
The Historic Randolph County Training School: The First school in Randolph County to offer schooling beyond elementary level for Blacks
Year: 1917 — 1969
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
The Randolph County Training School (RCTS) was authorized by the Alabama State Legislature in 1917. Construction began in 1919 and the school opened in the fall of 1920. Funding for the school's construction was provided by Blacks, Whites, the County, and the Julius Rosenwald Foundation. One of the earliest Rosenwald schools, the two-story school was constructed according to architectural plans drawn up by architect Robert Robinson Taylor and other Black builders on staff at historic Tuskegee Institute (now University). The school became the first school in Randolph County to offer schooling beyond elementary level for Blacks. It remained the only high school for Blacks until another high school for Blacks (Wedowee High School) was built in Wedowee, the county seat, in the late 1950s.
_____________________________
Documentation: Courtesy Of The Randolph County Training School Scholarship Foundation [rctsfoundation.org]
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
The Historic Randolph County Training School: The First school in Randolph County to offer schooling beyond elementary level for Blacks
Year: 1917 — 1969
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
The Randolph County Training School (RCTS) was authorized by the Alabama State Legislature in 1917. Construction began in 1919 and the school opened in the fall of 1920. Funding for the school's construction was provided by Blacks, Whites, the County, and the Julius Rosenwald Foundation. One of the earliest Rosenwald schools, the two-story school was constructed according to architectural plans drawn up by architect Robert Robinson Taylor and other Black builders on staff at historic Tuskegee Institute (now University). The school became the first school in Randolph County to offer schooling beyond elementary level for Blacks. It remained the only high school for Blacks until another high school for Blacks (Wedowee High School) was built in Wedowee, the county seat, in the late 1950s.
_____________________________
Documentation: Courtesy Of The Randolph County Training School Scholarship Foundation [rctsfoundation.org]
1920s
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Luther Coleman: First African American Postal Worker to be employed at Roanoke Post Office
Year: Circa 1920
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story: It is believed that Luther Coleman was the first African American employed at the United States Post Office in Roanoke, Alabama.
Available documentation indicates that Mr. Coleman dedicated more than 42 years of service to the Roanoke Post Office, reflecting a long and steady career during a time when such opportunities were limited for African Americans.
Although many in the present generation may not have known him personally, his legacy is connected to the broader community through his family. He was the father of the late Mrs. Ida C. Shaw, a well-known educator at Randolph County Training School.
Documentation: The Roanoke Leader, August 9, 1962 – “Negro News: Luther Coleman” (Obituary)
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Luther Coleman: First African American Postal Worker to be employed at Roanoke Post Office
Year: Circa 1920
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story: It is believed that Luther Coleman was the first African American employed at the United States Post Office in Roanoke, Alabama.
Available documentation indicates that Mr. Coleman dedicated more than 42 years of service to the Roanoke Post Office, reflecting a long and steady career during a time when such opportunities were limited for African Americans.
Although many in the present generation may not have known him personally, his legacy is connected to the broader community through his family. He was the father of the late Mrs. Ida C. Shaw, a well-known educator at Randolph County Training School.
Documentation: The Roanoke Leader, August 9, 1962 – “Negro News: Luther Coleman” (Obituary)
1930s
1940s
1950s
John Ware
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
John Ware: Among the Earliest Documented Centenarians Recognized in Roanoke’s Black Community
Year: Circa 1958
1963 (documented recognition)
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
John Ware, a formerly enslaved man, was publicly recognized for his remarkable longevity at the age of 105 in a front-page feature published in The Roanoke Leader on July 18, 1963. The article, written by Editor John B. Stevenson, honored Mr. Ware’s life as both extraordinary and historically significant, noting his birth into slavery and his continued vitality well into his second century of life.
The feature highlights that Mr. Ware had been making annual visits to the newspaper office since turning 100, suggesting that his presence and story may have been acknowledged in earlier editions of the paper as early as 1958. However, those earlier publications have not yet been located to confirm this.
At 105 years old, Mr. Ware was described as mentally sharp, physically resilient, and widely respected within the community. His life spanned from slavery into the modern Civil Rights era, making him a living witness to profound historical change.
While additional documentation may further clarify the full extent of his recognition, this 1963 feature stands as one of the earliest known public acknowledgments of an African American centenarian in Roanoke, Alabama.
Source Documentation: The Roanoke Leader, July 18, 1963. Article by Editor John B. Stevenson
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
John Ware: Among the Earliest Documented Centenarians Recognized in Roanoke’s Black Community
Year: Circa 1958
1963 (documented recognition)
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
John Ware, a formerly enslaved man, was publicly recognized for his remarkable longevity at the age of 105 in a front-page feature published in The Roanoke Leader on July 18, 1963. The article, written by Editor John B. Stevenson, honored Mr. Ware’s life as both extraordinary and historically significant, noting his birth into slavery and his continued vitality well into his second century of life.
The feature highlights that Mr. Ware had been making annual visits to the newspaper office since turning 100, suggesting that his presence and story may have been acknowledged in earlier editions of the paper as early as 1958. However, those earlier publications have not yet been located to confirm this.
At 105 years old, Mr. Ware was described as mentally sharp, physically resilient, and widely respected within the community. His life spanned from slavery into the modern Civil Rights era, making him a living witness to profound historical change.
While additional documentation may further clarify the full extent of his recognition, this 1963 feature stands as one of the earliest known public acknowledgments of an African American centenarian in Roanoke, Alabama.
Source Documentation: The Roanoke Leader, July 18, 1963. Article by Editor John B. Stevenson
| "I Believe" by John B. Stevenson.pdf |
1960s
Mayfield Royston, Sr.
5/23/1922
12/11/1991
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Mayfield Royston, Sr.: Only the 2nd African American Postal Worker to be employed at Roanoke Post Office
Year: 1962
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
It is believed that in the early 1960s, around 1962, Mayfield Royston, Sr. became the second African American employed at the United States Post Office in downtown Roanoke, Alabama.
Many residents—especially those aged 65 and older—remember Mr. Royston well. He was a familiar and steady presence at the post office during the weekdays, seen by countless individuals as they came and went through town.
Mr. Royston was also a devoted member of First Baptist Church on Riley Street in Roanoke, where he served faithfully throughout his life.
Because he held this position for much of his adult life, many assumed he was the first African American to serve in this role. However, historical accounts indicate that he was hired following the tenure of the late Mr. Luther Coleman, who served the Roanoke Post Office for 42 years.
(Documentation Provided By: His daughter, Mrs. Kathy Royston Pate Smith)
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Mayfield Royston, Sr.: Only the 2nd African American Postal Worker to be employed at Roanoke Post Office
Year: 1962
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
It is believed that in the early 1960s, around 1962, Mayfield Royston, Sr. became the second African American employed at the United States Post Office in downtown Roanoke, Alabama.
Many residents—especially those aged 65 and older—remember Mr. Royston well. He was a familiar and steady presence at the post office during the weekdays, seen by countless individuals as they came and went through town.
Mr. Royston was also a devoted member of First Baptist Church on Riley Street in Roanoke, where he served faithfully throughout his life.
Because he held this position for much of his adult life, many assumed he was the first African American to serve in this role. However, historical accounts indicate that he was hired following the tenure of the late Mr. Luther Coleman, who served the Roanoke Post Office for 42 years.
(Documentation Provided By: His daughter, Mrs. Kathy Royston Pate Smith)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
The Terry Family Legacy: Mr. Jessie A. Terry, First AND ONLY African American to Start a garment manufacturing business, to achieve national prominence
From a One-Room Beginning to Global Manufacturing Excellence
DATE: August 1, 1963
LOCATION: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
The Terry Family Legacy: Mr. Jessie A. Terry, First AND ONLY African American to Start a garment manufacturing business, to achieve national prominence
From a One-Room Beginning to Global Manufacturing Excellence
DATE: August 1, 1963
LOCATION: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
In the heart of Roanoke, Alabama — during one of the most challenging periods for African American enterprise in the Deep South—a remarkable vision took root.
Less than a mile from the present-day Clark Funeral Home, Jessie A. Terry and his wife, Velma Heard Terry, began building something extraordinary.
What started in a modest, one-room operation in the early 1960s soon became Terry Manufacturing Company—an enterprise that would not only provide jobs for local African Americans but would ultimately rise to national and international prominence.
As reported in The Roanoke Leader on August 22, 1963, the company opened with just 25 employees producing ladies’ blouses. Even then, there was a commitment to excellence—each garment made “a little better and a little quicker” than the last.
But this was only the beginning.
With the support and leadership of their three sons—Roy D. Terry, Rudolph Terry, and Reverend William Terry—all graduates of Morehouse College with advanced business training—the family expanded their operation into a globally recognized manufacturing powerhouse.
Terry Manufacturing would go on to secure major government contracts and produce garments at a scale that reached far beyond Roanoke—including work connected to the Olympic Games.
At its height, the Terry family stood among the ranks of Black multimillionaire business leaders—an extraordinary achievement born from discipline, education, and unwavering determination.
Their success created jobs, strengthened the local economy, and served as a powerful example of what could be accomplished against the odds.
A Legacy That Still Speaks
The Terry family’s story is more than a business success—it is a testament to vision, family unity, and the power of possibility.
They proved that even from the humblest beginnings, greatness can rise.
And here in Roanoke, Alabama, their legacy remains a shining example of what it means to build not just a business—but a pathway for others to follow.
And NOTHING — NO amount of scandal, speculation, or skepticism can EVER obscure that.
Documentation: The Roanoke Leader August 22, 1963
Read More: Read the full story of the Terry Family Legacy here →
Less than a mile from the present-day Clark Funeral Home, Jessie A. Terry and his wife, Velma Heard Terry, began building something extraordinary.
What started in a modest, one-room operation in the early 1960s soon became Terry Manufacturing Company—an enterprise that would not only provide jobs for local African Americans but would ultimately rise to national and international prominence.
As reported in The Roanoke Leader on August 22, 1963, the company opened with just 25 employees producing ladies’ blouses. Even then, there was a commitment to excellence—each garment made “a little better and a little quicker” than the last.
But this was only the beginning.
With the support and leadership of their three sons—Roy D. Terry, Rudolph Terry, and Reverend William Terry—all graduates of Morehouse College with advanced business training—the family expanded their operation into a globally recognized manufacturing powerhouse.
Terry Manufacturing would go on to secure major government contracts and produce garments at a scale that reached far beyond Roanoke—including work connected to the Olympic Games.
At its height, the Terry family stood among the ranks of Black multimillionaire business leaders—an extraordinary achievement born from discipline, education, and unwavering determination.
Their success created jobs, strengthened the local economy, and served as a powerful example of what could be accomplished against the odds.
A Legacy That Still Speaks
The Terry family’s story is more than a business success—it is a testament to vision, family unity, and the power of possibility.
They proved that even from the humblest beginnings, greatness can rise.
And here in Roanoke, Alabama, their legacy remains a shining example of what it means to build not just a business—but a pathway for others to follow.
And NOTHING — NO amount of scandal, speculation, or skepticism can EVER obscure that.
Documentation: The Roanoke Leader August 22, 1963
Read More: Read the full story of the Terry Family Legacy here →
Susie Mae Rosser
1/21/1917 - 4/1989
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Mrs. Susie Mae Johnson Rosser Minnifield: First and ONLY Black Nurse to build, own, and operate a 50-bed capacity Nursing Home Facility — Rosser Nursing Home, Roanoke, Alabama
Year: Circa 1967
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
Susie Mae Rosser was a prominent figure and family matriarch in Roanoke, Alabama, born January 21, 1917, and passed away in April, 1989. She will long be widely remembered as the co-founder (with her husband, the late H.T. Rosser), of the Rosser Nursing Home, which was noted as Alabama's only Black-owned skilled residential nursing care facility at that time.
Life and Legacy: Alongside her husband, H.T. Rosser, she was a leader in the community, providing nurturing care and raising foster children, including Jeffery Lamar Dunson Rosser.
Professional Role: A Licensed Practical Nurse — a title she earned a short time after establishing Rosser Nursing Home — she actively managed the activities and operations of the Rosser Nursing Home, where she was known for her professional leadership and Christian discipline.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Mrs. Susie Mae Johnson Rosser Minnifield: First and ONLY Black Nurse to build, own, and operate a 50-bed capacity Nursing Home Facility — Rosser Nursing Home, Roanoke, Alabama
Year: Circa 1967
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
Susie Mae Rosser was a prominent figure and family matriarch in Roanoke, Alabama, born January 21, 1917, and passed away in April, 1989. She will long be widely remembered as the co-founder (with her husband, the late H.T. Rosser), of the Rosser Nursing Home, which was noted as Alabama's only Black-owned skilled residential nursing care facility at that time.
Life and Legacy: Alongside her husband, H.T. Rosser, she was a leader in the community, providing nurturing care and raising foster children, including Jeffery Lamar Dunson Rosser.
Professional Role: A Licensed Practical Nurse — a title she earned a short time after establishing Rosser Nursing Home — she actively managed the activities and operations of the Rosser Nursing Home, where she was known for her professional leadership and Christian discipline.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Theodore Carlisle, Jr. and Charles Wilson Ware:
Among the First African American Police Officers to Serve the City of Roanoke
Era: Late 1960s / Early 1970s
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Theodore Carlisle, Jr. and Charles Wilson Ware:
Among the First African American Police Officers to Serve the City of Roanoke
Era: Late 1960s / Early 1970s
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
During a period of profound racial transition in the American South, Theodore Carlisle, Jr. and Charles Wilson Ware emerged as pioneering figures in local law enforcement history, becoming among the first African American police officers known to serve the City of Roanoke, Alabama.
Although the precise dates of their appointments have not yet been fully documented, available historical evidence and community memory place their service during the late 1960s and early 1970s — an era when opportunities for African Americans in law enforcement throughout the South remained extremely limited.
At a time when Black citizens were far more likely to experience unequal treatment under the law than to be entrusted with enforcing it, Carlisle and Ware accepted the difficult and often unspoken challenge of crossing a racial barrier that had existed for generations.
Their willingness to serve required courage, restraint, professionalism, and perseverance. As some of the first African American officers to wear the Roanoke Police Department uniform, these men helped pave the way for future generations of Black law enforcement officers in Randolph County and surrounding communities.
Both men served the citizens of Roanoke with dignity and distinction, becoming part of a larger story of social progress and changing race relations within East Alabama.
Today, their contributions remain an important chapter in the ongoing history of African American public service and civic leadership in Roanoke.
________________________________
DOCUMENTATION: Efforts to provide appropriate document are on-going, and will be posted as soon as available.
During a period of profound racial transition in the American South, Theodore Carlisle, Jr. and Charles Wilson Ware emerged as pioneering figures in local law enforcement history, becoming among the first African American police officers known to serve the City of Roanoke, Alabama.
Although the precise dates of their appointments have not yet been fully documented, available historical evidence and community memory place their service during the late 1960s and early 1970s — an era when opportunities for African Americans in law enforcement throughout the South remained extremely limited.
At a time when Black citizens were far more likely to experience unequal treatment under the law than to be entrusted with enforcing it, Carlisle and Ware accepted the difficult and often unspoken challenge of crossing a racial barrier that had existed for generations.
Their willingness to serve required courage, restraint, professionalism, and perseverance. As some of the first African American officers to wear the Roanoke Police Department uniform, these men helped pave the way for future generations of Black law enforcement officers in Randolph County and surrounding communities.
Both men served the citizens of Roanoke with dignity and distinction, becoming part of a larger story of social progress and changing race relations within East Alabama.
Today, their contributions remain an important chapter in the ongoing history of African American public service and civic leadership in Roanoke.
________________________________
DOCUMENTATION: Efforts to provide appropriate document are on-going, and will be posted as soon as available.
!!DESEGREGATION ERA MILESTONE!!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
African American Educators Integrated into Roanoke City Schools Following Desegregation:
First Black Teachers Employed in the Roanoke City School System After the Closure of Randolph County Training School
Year: 1969
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
In 1969, following the federal court-ordered desegregation of public schools under Lee v. Macon, Randolph County Training School (R.C.T.S.), the historically Black school serving the community, was closed.
As a result, a number of African American educators who had taught at R.C.T.S. were displaced. In response, the federal court ordered the Roanoke City School System — which included Handley Elementary, Middle, and High Schools—to employ several of these teachers as part of the transition to an integrated school system.
This moment marked a significant turning point in the history of education in Roanoke, as Black educators entered classrooms within previously segregated schools, bringing with them years of experience, dedication, and commitment to student success.
Among those who were part of this historic transition were:
Documentation: Please click the image of each educator for more information on each.
To return to this gallery, click the back arrow key ←
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
African American Educators Integrated into Roanoke City Schools Following Desegregation:
First Black Teachers Employed in the Roanoke City School System After the Closure of Randolph County Training School
Year: 1969
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
In 1969, following the federal court-ordered desegregation of public schools under Lee v. Macon, Randolph County Training School (R.C.T.S.), the historically Black school serving the community, was closed.
As a result, a number of African American educators who had taught at R.C.T.S. were displaced. In response, the federal court ordered the Roanoke City School System — which included Handley Elementary, Middle, and High Schools—to employ several of these teachers as part of the transition to an integrated school system.
This moment marked a significant turning point in the history of education in Roanoke, as Black educators entered classrooms within previously segregated schools, bringing with them years of experience, dedication, and commitment to student success.
Among those who were part of this historic transition were:
- Mrs. Hattie Lee Peters Clark [August, 1970 — May, 1974]
READ MORE: (More Information About Mrs. Hattie Lee Peters Clark) - Mrs. Attrie B. Stevens Henderson
- Mrs. Mable Heard Holley [August, 1970 - May, 1991]
- Mrs. Mae Fannie Trimble Ingram [August, 1970 - May, 1997]
- Mrs. Johnnie Tolbert Jackson [August, 1970 -]
- Mrs. Ruby Pinkston [August, 1970 - ]
- Mrs. Clara Jane Poole [August, 1970 -]
- Mrs. Amelia Thweat Shumpert [August, 1970]
- Mrs. Catherine Staples
- Mrs. Mary Sue Watson Tatum [August, 1970 - May, 1991]
Documentation: Please click the image of each educator for more information on each.
To return to this gallery, click the back arrow key ←
1970s
Patricia Ann Autry-McKnight
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Patricia Ann Autry-McKnight: First African - American young adult to train and be hired as a Flight Attendant for Delta Airlines, based in Atlanta, Georgia
Year: Circa 1970
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
Patricia Ann Autry-McKnight is remembered as the first African American young woman from this area to complete training to serve as a Flight Attendant for Delta Airlines, based in Atlanta, GA.
Patricia is the daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. Earsley and Cora Autry, both local educators, and long-time residents of Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama.
Upon graduation from high school she attended Tuskegee University. She was retired from Delta Airlines, where she worked for a number of years as a flight attendant. She was devoted member of Immaculate Conception Catholic Church in Roanoke, and an active member of the executive board of the Randolph County Branch, NAACP, having served as branch secretary until illness limited her participation.
Regretfully, at the age of 57, Patricia Autry-McKnight, transitioned from this life on July 29, 2002, at her family home in Roanoke.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Patricia Ann Autry-McKnight: First African - American young adult to train and be hired as a Flight Attendant for Delta Airlines, based in Atlanta, Georgia
Year: Circa 1970
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
Patricia Ann Autry-McKnight is remembered as the first African American young woman from this area to complete training to serve as a Flight Attendant for Delta Airlines, based in Atlanta, GA.
Patricia is the daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. Earsley and Cora Autry, both local educators, and long-time residents of Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama.
Upon graduation from high school she attended Tuskegee University. She was retired from Delta Airlines, where she worked for a number of years as a flight attendant. She was devoted member of Immaculate Conception Catholic Church in Roanoke, and an active member of the executive board of the Randolph County Branch, NAACP, having served as branch secretary until illness limited her participation.
Regretfully, at the age of 57, Patricia Autry-McKnight, transitioned from this life on July 29, 2002, at her family home in Roanoke.
Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson: Co-Founder of the First African American Sorority Chapter at Auburn University (Delta Sigma Theta, Kappa Upsilon Chapter)
Year: 1974
Location: Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
Story:
On January 12, 1974, Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson was among ten young African American women who made history by chartering the Kappa Upsilon Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated—the first Black sorority established on the campus of Auburn University.
At a time when African American students were still navigating newly integrated spaces in higher education, the founding of this chapter represented a significant step forward in creating community, support, and representation on campus.
The impact of this milestone has endured for decades. In 2024, Auburn University recognized and celebrated the 50th anniversary of Delta Sigma Theta’s presence on its campus, honoring the legacy and courage of its founding members. Today, Charlotte Clark-Frieson remains actively connected to the sorority as a member of the Auburn Alumnae Chapter.
This achievement stands as a testament to leadership, vision, and the lasting influence of those who helped shape a more inclusive collegiate experience.
________________________________
Documentation: The Opelika-Auburn News, Wednesday, January 20, 1974
Kappa Upsilon "K-O oop" Deltas of Auburn University: Sylvia Little, Varetta Jones, Rosa Nell Jennings, Beatrice Carr Allen, Gloria Dumas, Linda Glover, Mrs. Patsy Boyd Parker (Chapter Advisor), Linda Summers, Cynthia Davis, Belinda Tolbert, Gloria Dumas, Charlotte Clark-Frieson.
January 20, 1974 Edition of the Auburn-Opelika News
The following picture(s) were featured in the Auburn University Annual Calendar celebrating the 40th Anniversary of School Desegregation on its campus. I received my calendar in the mail, and when I saw our chapter was featured, I clipped the featured photo.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Wilkie Clark: First African American Candidate for the Randolph County Board of Education
Year: 1976
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
In 1976, Wilkie Clark became the first African American to run for a seat on the Randolph County Board of Education. His candidacy marked a significant moment in the county’s history, representing a step forward in the pursuit of equitable representation in public education leadership.
At a time when opportunities for Black participation in local governance were still limited, his willingness to seek public office reflected both courage and a commitment to progress. His efforts helped pave the way for future generations to engage more fully in the civic and political life of the community.
👉 Read More: "The Clarks Venture Into Politics"
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Wilkie Clark: First African American Candidate for the Randolph County Board of Education
Year: 1976
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
In 1976, Wilkie Clark became the first African American to run for a seat on the Randolph County Board of Education. His candidacy marked a significant moment in the county’s history, representing a step forward in the pursuit of equitable representation in public education leadership.
At a time when opportunities for Black participation in local governance were still limited, his willingness to seek public office reflected both courage and a commitment to progress. His efforts helped pave the way for future generations to engage more fully in the civic and political life of the community.
👉 Read More: "The Clarks Venture Into Politics"
Joe M. Ammons
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Joe M. Ammons: First African American Hired as Middle School Principal by Roanoke City Schools
Year: 1976
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
It was around August of 1976, that Mr. Joe M. Ammons migrated to Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama to serve as Principal of the Handley Middle School in Roanoke, Alabama. His wife, Mrs. Mary Ammons, also an educator came to Roanoke along with him. They made their home here in Roanoke. Mr. Ammons enjoyed a lengthy career in Roanoke, serving until July, 1995, when he retired from Public Education in Alabama.
While here, he joined Mount Pisgah Baptist Church, where he faithfully served as a Deacon. After his retirement, he sought employment in the Public Schools of Georgia, where he continued to serve in the field of Education several more years, while also operating a mentoring program for school-age students. Mr. Ammons truly enjoyed working with the students at the Middle School level and it showed in his interactions with them and the genuine interest he showed in them. Mr. Joe Ammons transitioned from this life Saturday, December 4, 2021.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Joe M. Ammons: First African American Hired as Middle School Principal by Roanoke City Schools
Year: 1976
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
It was around August of 1976, that Mr. Joe M. Ammons migrated to Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama to serve as Principal of the Handley Middle School in Roanoke, Alabama. His wife, Mrs. Mary Ammons, also an educator came to Roanoke along with him. They made their home here in Roanoke. Mr. Ammons enjoyed a lengthy career in Roanoke, serving until July, 1995, when he retired from Public Education in Alabama.
While here, he joined Mount Pisgah Baptist Church, where he faithfully served as a Deacon. After his retirement, he sought employment in the Public Schools of Georgia, where he continued to serve in the field of Education several more years, while also operating a mentoring program for school-age students. Mr. Ammons truly enjoyed working with the students at the Middle School level and it showed in his interactions with them and the genuine interest he showed in them. Mr. Joe Ammons transitioned from this life Saturday, December 4, 2021.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Wilkie Clark, Reverend R.L. Heflin, Roy Terry, Rudolph Terry, Lathonia J. Wright
First African American's to Lead a "Protest March For Justice" Against Police Brutality In The City Of Roanoke
Date: October 13, 1979
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Wilkie Clark, Reverend R.L. Heflin, Roy Terry, Rudolph Terry, Lathonia J. Wright
First African American's to Lead a "Protest March For Justice" Against Police Brutality In The City Of Roanoke
Date: October 13, 1979
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
There were a number of prominent citizens who assisted in the effort to organize this first-time protest movement in Roanoke, Alabama. However, those pictured above were key leaders in the community at that time, and were leaders of various organizations that existed within the community. Clark was President of the NAACP; Reverend R.L. Heflin was Chairman of the A.D.C. (Alabama Democratic Conference) the black political caucus of Alabama; and Under Roy Terry, Rudolph Terry, and Lathonia Wright, a new group had evolved who called themself The Concerned Citizens of Roanoke and Randolph County. Also, it was about this time, that Reverend Lathonia Wright was taking an interest in forming a local SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) Chapter in Randolph County, therefore other organizations were springing up all around. These were the Key leaders of the major groups that formed around these Police incidents.
The controversy that led to the historic "Protest March For Justice" in Roanoke, Alabama started because of a number of incidents that occurred in rapid succession, that involved black suspects being arrested, or being held in the Roanoke City Jail without bond, without being afforded due process of law. Black Citizens had made several attempts to meet with the Roanoke City Council for the purpose of addressing the issues, however, it seems that all conversations broke down, and it appeared that the City Of Roanoke was upholding the police misconduct regardless of the circumstances. There appeared to be no effort on the part of the City Of Roanoke at that time to make any effort to mitigate the damages done to those who had been the victims of the misconduct. Therefore the situation escalated. All these events led to not only a Protest March, but to a Boycott (Selective Buying Campaign), wherein local citizens refused to shop or spend any money with local businesses who supported the City in it's rigid and unyielding position.
There is one individual that we know of who came and covered the March, and generated video footage, however, it appears that that footage has been lost to us for some years. That individual was Ruso Minnifield, who at that time, owned a television station in Tuskegee, Alabama. He traveled to Roanoke to participate in this Protest march as well as to capture the march on camera. We regret that we have not been able to obtain any of these records in order to document this historic event.
_______________________________
Historic Documentation:
The Roanoke Leader: June 20, 1979 "weekend boycott- what started it?
The Roanoke Leader, August 1, 1979: "Protesters Urge Continuation Of Selective Buying Campaign
The Roanoke Leader, October-17-1979: "Opinion: Thoughts stirred by the march"
The Roanoke Leader, October 19, 1979: "We'd Like To Miss The March"
The controversy that led to the historic "Protest March For Justice" in Roanoke, Alabama started because of a number of incidents that occurred in rapid succession, that involved black suspects being arrested, or being held in the Roanoke City Jail without bond, without being afforded due process of law. Black Citizens had made several attempts to meet with the Roanoke City Council for the purpose of addressing the issues, however, it seems that all conversations broke down, and it appeared that the City Of Roanoke was upholding the police misconduct regardless of the circumstances. There appeared to be no effort on the part of the City Of Roanoke at that time to make any effort to mitigate the damages done to those who had been the victims of the misconduct. Therefore the situation escalated. All these events led to not only a Protest March, but to a Boycott (Selective Buying Campaign), wherein local citizens refused to shop or spend any money with local businesses who supported the City in it's rigid and unyielding position.
There is one individual that we know of who came and covered the March, and generated video footage, however, it appears that that footage has been lost to us for some years. That individual was Ruso Minnifield, who at that time, owned a television station in Tuskegee, Alabama. He traveled to Roanoke to participate in this Protest march as well as to capture the march on camera. We regret that we have not been able to obtain any of these records in order to document this historic event.
_______________________________
Historic Documentation:
The Roanoke Leader: June 20, 1979 "weekend boycott- what started it?
The Roanoke Leader, August 1, 1979: "Protesters Urge Continuation Of Selective Buying Campaign
The Roanoke Leader, October-17-1979: "Opinion: Thoughts stirred by the march"
The Roanoke Leader, October 19, 1979: "We'd Like To Miss The March"
1980s
Jerome A. Gray
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Jerome A. Gray: A Singular Force in Voting Rights Litigation in Alabama
Years: 1980s & 1990s
Location: East Alabama/Statewide Impact
Story:
Jerome A. Gray stands as a unique and unparalleled figure in the history of voting rights advocacy in Alabama. During a critical period in the 1980s, Gray distinguished himself through a series of legal challenges and civic actions aimed at addressing inequities in voter access and representation.
Unlike many who participated in the broader movement, Gray’s contributions were marked not only by activism, but by direct and sustained legal engagement with the systems governing elections. His work contributed to meaningful changes in the enforcement and interpretation of voting rights protections at the local and state level.
To date, no other individual in this region has replicated the scope, persistence, or legal impact of Jerome A. Gray’s efforts in the arena of voting rights. His legacy represents not simply a “first,” but an enduring example of how one individual’s commitment can influence the democratic process for generations.
_____________________________
Historic Documentation:
🔗 Learn more about his work:
https://www.clarkhistoricsite.org/jerome-a-gray.html
🔗 Explore the broader context of 1980s Voting Rights Activism:
https://www.clarkhistoricsite.org/the-1980s-a-decade-of-voting-rights-activism.html
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Jerome A. Gray: A Singular Force in Voting Rights Litigation in Alabama
Years: 1980s & 1990s
Location: East Alabama/Statewide Impact
Story:
Jerome A. Gray stands as a unique and unparalleled figure in the history of voting rights advocacy in Alabama. During a critical period in the 1980s, Gray distinguished himself through a series of legal challenges and civic actions aimed at addressing inequities in voter access and representation.
Unlike many who participated in the broader movement, Gray’s contributions were marked not only by activism, but by direct and sustained legal engagement with the systems governing elections. His work contributed to meaningful changes in the enforcement and interpretation of voting rights protections at the local and state level.
To date, no other individual in this region has replicated the scope, persistence, or legal impact of Jerome A. Gray’s efforts in the arena of voting rights. His legacy represents not simply a “first,” but an enduring example of how one individual’s commitment can influence the democratic process for generations.
_____________________________
Historic Documentation:
🔗 Learn more about his work:
https://www.clarkhistoricsite.org/jerome-a-gray.html
🔗 Explore the broader context of 1980s Voting Rights Activism:
https://www.clarkhistoricsite.org/the-1980s-a-decade-of-voting-rights-activism.html
Commissioner Lathonia Wright
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Bishop Lathonia J. Wright: First African American Elected to the Randolph County Commission
Year: 1988
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
In 1988, Bishop Lathonia J. Wright made history as the first African American elected to serve on the Randolph County Commission. His election marked a significant milestone in the county’s political landscape, reflecting a shift toward more equitable representation in local government.
This historic achievement followed years of legal and community efforts to challenge the at-large election system, which had long limited opportunities for African American participation in public office. These efforts were part of the broader “Dillard” litigation, which resulted in the implementation of single-member districts across local governing bodies.
Bishop Wright’s election, alongside that of Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson to the Randolph County Board of Education, represented a turning point in Randolph County’s history—demonstrating the impact of sustained advocacy, civic engagement, and the pursuit of equal representation.
Read More:
👉 The Life and Contributions Of Bishop Lathonia J. Wright
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Bishop Lathonia J. Wright: First African American Elected to the Randolph County Commission
Year: 1988
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
In 1988, Bishop Lathonia J. Wright made history as the first African American elected to serve on the Randolph County Commission. His election marked a significant milestone in the county’s political landscape, reflecting a shift toward more equitable representation in local government.
This historic achievement followed years of legal and community efforts to challenge the at-large election system, which had long limited opportunities for African American participation in public office. These efforts were part of the broader “Dillard” litigation, which resulted in the implementation of single-member districts across local governing bodies.
Bishop Wright’s election, alongside that of Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson to the Randolph County Board of Education, represented a turning point in Randolph County’s history—demonstrating the impact of sustained advocacy, civic engagement, and the pursuit of equal representation.
Read More:
👉 The Life and Contributions Of Bishop Lathonia J. Wright
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson: First African American Elected to the Randolph County Board of Education
Year: 1988
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
In 1988, Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson became the first African American elected to the Randolph County Board of Education, marking a historic milestone in the county’s governance and educational leadership.
Her election was the direct result of years of sustained legal and community efforts to challenge the at-large election system, which had long limited fair representation. These efforts were part of the broader “Dillard” litigation, which led to the implementation of single-member districts across local governing bodies.
Among those instrumental in this movement was her father, Wilkie Clark, who served as a plaintiff in the legal actions against both the Randolph County Board of Education and the Randolph County Commission. His involvement helped lay the groundwork for meaningful change in how local officials were elected.
As a result of these efforts, Charlotte Clark-Frieson’s election represented not only a personal achievement, but a significant victory for equitable representation in Randolph County. During this same period, Reverend Lathonia J. Wright was elected as the first African American to serve on the Randolph County Commission.
Together, these milestones reflected a turning point in the political and civic life of the community, demonstrating the impact of persistence, advocacy, and collective action.
Read More:
👉 Life After Death
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson: First African American Elected to the Randolph County Board of Education
Year: 1988
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
In 1988, Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson became the first African American elected to the Randolph County Board of Education, marking a historic milestone in the county’s governance and educational leadership.
Her election was the direct result of years of sustained legal and community efforts to challenge the at-large election system, which had long limited fair representation. These efforts were part of the broader “Dillard” litigation, which led to the implementation of single-member districts across local governing bodies.
Among those instrumental in this movement was her father, Wilkie Clark, who served as a plaintiff in the legal actions against both the Randolph County Board of Education and the Randolph County Commission. His involvement helped lay the groundwork for meaningful change in how local officials were elected.
As a result of these efforts, Charlotte Clark-Frieson’s election represented not only a personal achievement, but a significant victory for equitable representation in Randolph County. During this same period, Reverend Lathonia J. Wright was elected as the first African American to serve on the Randolph County Commission.
Together, these milestones reflected a turning point in the political and civic life of the community, demonstrating the impact of persistence, advocacy, and collective action.
Read More:
👉 Life After Death
Reverend Dr. Michael J. Joiner
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Reverend Dr. Michael J. Joiner: One of Roanoke's first African Americans elected to serve on the Roanoke City Council
Year: 1988-1996
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
"A Vignette of My Election to Roanoke City Council (1988–1996)"
Reverend Doctor Michael J. Joiner, DTh
In 1988, I was elected to the Roanoke, Alabama City Council, marking a historic moment both personally and for the community. Alongside Councilman Mack Arthur Bell, I became one of the first African Americans ever elected to the council. This milestone came after the city transitioned from an at-large voting system to district-based elections— a change brought about by a successful legal challenge. This new system provided candidates like me the opportunity to be elected by our own neighbors and peers.
After defeating two other candidates, I earned the distinction of becoming the first elected official to represent District One. My swearing-in ceremony remains one of the most meaningful moments of my life. Surrounded by my parents, my wife, and loved ones, I made a special effort to ensure that my grandfather, Bob Joiner, was present to witness the occasion. His presence made the moment even more significant.
During that very first meeting, I was deeply honored to be nominated by Councilman Mack Bell and subsequently elected by my fellow council members to serve as Mayor Pro Tem—another historic first for an African American in Roanoke. I vividly recall the nervous anticipation I felt as I prepared to preside over my first council meeting.
While my responsibilities extended to the governance of the entire city, my primary allegiance remained with District One. Over the course of two terms, I worked diligently to improve the quality of life for my constituents. I often joke that District One may have received more funding than any other district, though I have never sought to verify that claim.
One of my earliest personal commitments was to construct a sidewalk along Chestnut Street, stretching from Gulf Street to Seymour Drive. Today, it brings me pride to see residents safely using that sidewalk—something that was once unavailable, forcing pedestrians to walk in the street alongside traffic.
I also take pride in successfully advocating for the paving of nearly all unpaved streets within the district. Only one street remained unpaved due to an unresolved property dispute. Additionally, the installation of numerous streetlights significantly improved safety in areas that had long suffered from inadequate lighting.
Beyond infrastructure, I worked closely with the Roanoke Utility Board—an independent entity—to push for improvements in the sewer system, particularly in areas where soil conditions made septic systems unworkable. I also extended my efforts to support initiatives involving the School Board, Public Safety, and the Recreation Departments.
Looking back, I remain deeply proud of my contributions to the city I love, Roanoke, Alabama. I am especially grateful to the Alabama Democratic Conference (ADC) and to all those who worked tirelessly to ensure that I, and others like me, had an equal opportunity to serve. I extend my sincere thanks to every citizen who placed their trust in me through their vote.
Above all, I give thanks to Almighty God for making this journey possible.
_________________________________
Documentation:
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Reverend Dr. Michael J. Joiner: One of Roanoke's first African Americans elected to serve on the Roanoke City Council
Year: 1988-1996
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
"A Vignette of My Election to Roanoke City Council (1988–1996)"
Reverend Doctor Michael J. Joiner, DTh
In 1988, I was elected to the Roanoke, Alabama City Council, marking a historic moment both personally and for the community. Alongside Councilman Mack Arthur Bell, I became one of the first African Americans ever elected to the council. This milestone came after the city transitioned from an at-large voting system to district-based elections— a change brought about by a successful legal challenge. This new system provided candidates like me the opportunity to be elected by our own neighbors and peers.
After defeating two other candidates, I earned the distinction of becoming the first elected official to represent District One. My swearing-in ceremony remains one of the most meaningful moments of my life. Surrounded by my parents, my wife, and loved ones, I made a special effort to ensure that my grandfather, Bob Joiner, was present to witness the occasion. His presence made the moment even more significant.
During that very first meeting, I was deeply honored to be nominated by Councilman Mack Bell and subsequently elected by my fellow council members to serve as Mayor Pro Tem—another historic first for an African American in Roanoke. I vividly recall the nervous anticipation I felt as I prepared to preside over my first council meeting.
While my responsibilities extended to the governance of the entire city, my primary allegiance remained with District One. Over the course of two terms, I worked diligently to improve the quality of life for my constituents. I often joke that District One may have received more funding than any other district, though I have never sought to verify that claim.
One of my earliest personal commitments was to construct a sidewalk along Chestnut Street, stretching from Gulf Street to Seymour Drive. Today, it brings me pride to see residents safely using that sidewalk—something that was once unavailable, forcing pedestrians to walk in the street alongside traffic.
I also take pride in successfully advocating for the paving of nearly all unpaved streets within the district. Only one street remained unpaved due to an unresolved property dispute. Additionally, the installation of numerous streetlights significantly improved safety in areas that had long suffered from inadequate lighting.
Beyond infrastructure, I worked closely with the Roanoke Utility Board—an independent entity—to push for improvements in the sewer system, particularly in areas where soil conditions made septic systems unworkable. I also extended my efforts to support initiatives involving the School Board, Public Safety, and the Recreation Departments.
Looking back, I remain deeply proud of my contributions to the city I love, Roanoke, Alabama. I am especially grateful to the Alabama Democratic Conference (ADC) and to all those who worked tirelessly to ensure that I, and others like me, had an equal opportunity to serve. I extend my sincere thanks to every citizen who placed their trust in me through their vote.
Above all, I give thanks to Almighty God for making this journey possible.
_________________________________
Documentation:
| a_vignette_of_my_election_to_roanoke_city_council_w_h_5.3.2026.pdf |
1990s
John Ceroy Bell, Jr.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
John Ceroy Bell, Sr. First African American to Purchase and Own Storefront Property in the Downtown Roanoke District
[29 Aug 1929 — 14 FEb 2006]
Year: Circa 1995
Location: Downtown Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
During the mid-1990s, John Ceroy Bell, Sr. is believed to have become the first African American to purchase and own commercial storefront property in the downtown Roanoke district—an area that, for generations, remained largely inaccessible to Black ownership.
A proud retired United States Military Sergeant, Mr. Bell acquired two storefront properties in downtown Roanoke, marking a quiet but significant milestone in the city’s economic and social history. Though he did not personally develop or occupy the buildings, his ownership alone stood as a powerful statement of progress, presence, and possibility.
Mr. Bell took great pride in this achievement, recognizing it as both a personal accomplishment and a broader step forward for future generations. He often expressed hope that his children or grandchildren would one day build upon what he had established—transforming ownership into opportunity.
The properties remained in the Bell family for many years before being sold in more recent times, preserving his legacy as a pioneer of African American property ownership in Roanoke’s historic commercial district.
_______________________________
His legacy stands as a reminder that ownership is not only about possession—but about opening doors that were once closed.
_______________________________
DOCUMENTATION: Personal Recollections of Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson
NOTE: Efforts are underway to research the exact dates these properties were acquired.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
John Ceroy Bell, Sr. First African American to Purchase and Own Storefront Property in the Downtown Roanoke District
[29 Aug 1929 — 14 FEb 2006]
Year: Circa 1995
Location: Downtown Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
During the mid-1990s, John Ceroy Bell, Sr. is believed to have become the first African American to purchase and own commercial storefront property in the downtown Roanoke district—an area that, for generations, remained largely inaccessible to Black ownership.
A proud retired United States Military Sergeant, Mr. Bell acquired two storefront properties in downtown Roanoke, marking a quiet but significant milestone in the city’s economic and social history. Though he did not personally develop or occupy the buildings, his ownership alone stood as a powerful statement of progress, presence, and possibility.
Mr. Bell took great pride in this achievement, recognizing it as both a personal accomplishment and a broader step forward for future generations. He often expressed hope that his children or grandchildren would one day build upon what he had established—transforming ownership into opportunity.
The properties remained in the Bell family for many years before being sold in more recent times, preserving his legacy as a pioneer of African American property ownership in Roanoke’s historic commercial district.
_______________________________
His legacy stands as a reminder that ownership is not only about possession—but about opening doors that were once closed.
_______________________________
DOCUMENTATION: Personal Recollections of Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson
NOTE: Efforts are underway to research the exact dates these properties were acquired.
Chief Deputy William M. Dillard
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Reverend William Marvin Dillard First African American Chief Deputy of the Randolph County Sheriff’s Department
February 6, 1958 — November 7, 2022
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Year: Circa 1995
Story:
Reverend William Marvin Dillard was the son of the late Edward Marvin Dillard and Ola Bell King Dillard. He was reared in Dalton, Georgia, where he graduated from Dalton High School before continuing his education at Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, Alabama. While attending JSU, Dillard proudly represented the university as a member of the renowned Gamecocks football team.
Even during his younger years, Reverend Dillard sensed a higher calling upon his life. This spiritual conviction eventually led him to further his education through the Twin States Extension Unit of American Baptist College in Nashville, Tennessee — a historically Black institution dedicated to preparing students for Christian leadership, service, and social justice.
Known throughout the community for being relatable, easy-going, and down-to-earth, Dillard first entered the field of law enforcement as a member of the LaGrange Police Department in neighboring LaGrange, Georgia. He later joined the Randolph County Sheriff’s Department, where he devoted many years of distinguished service to the citizens of Randolph County.
When Jeff Fuller was elected Sheriff of Randolph County in 1994 and assumed office in January 1995, he honored a campaign promise by appointing Deputy Dillard as Chief Deputy. In doing so, Reverend William Marvin Dillard became the first African American to serve as Chief Deputy of the Randolph County Sheriff’s Department — a groundbreaking achievement in the history of local law enforcement.
Throughout his years of service, Chief Deputy Dillard earned widespread respect and admiration from both the department and the broader community. Balancing his work in law enforcement with his calling to Christian ministry, he faithfully served the people of Randolph County until declining health eventually compelled his retirement from public service.
Today, Reverend William Marvin Dillard is remembered not only as a pioneering law enforcement officer, but also as a devoted minister, mentor, and public servant whose life reflected integrity, compassion, and commitment to his community.
____________________________________
DOCUMENTATION
NOTE: Efforts are underway to research the exact dates the appointment was conferred.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Reverend William Marvin Dillard First African American Chief Deputy of the Randolph County Sheriff’s Department
February 6, 1958 — November 7, 2022
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Year: Circa 1995
Story:
Reverend William Marvin Dillard was the son of the late Edward Marvin Dillard and Ola Bell King Dillard. He was reared in Dalton, Georgia, where he graduated from Dalton High School before continuing his education at Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, Alabama. While attending JSU, Dillard proudly represented the university as a member of the renowned Gamecocks football team.
Even during his younger years, Reverend Dillard sensed a higher calling upon his life. This spiritual conviction eventually led him to further his education through the Twin States Extension Unit of American Baptist College in Nashville, Tennessee — a historically Black institution dedicated to preparing students for Christian leadership, service, and social justice.
Known throughout the community for being relatable, easy-going, and down-to-earth, Dillard first entered the field of law enforcement as a member of the LaGrange Police Department in neighboring LaGrange, Georgia. He later joined the Randolph County Sheriff’s Department, where he devoted many years of distinguished service to the citizens of Randolph County.
When Jeff Fuller was elected Sheriff of Randolph County in 1994 and assumed office in January 1995, he honored a campaign promise by appointing Deputy Dillard as Chief Deputy. In doing so, Reverend William Marvin Dillard became the first African American to serve as Chief Deputy of the Randolph County Sheriff’s Department — a groundbreaking achievement in the history of local law enforcement.
Throughout his years of service, Chief Deputy Dillard earned widespread respect and admiration from both the department and the broader community. Balancing his work in law enforcement with his calling to Christian ministry, he faithfully served the people of Randolph County until declining health eventually compelled his retirement from public service.
Today, Reverend William Marvin Dillard is remembered not only as a pioneering law enforcement officer, but also as a devoted minister, mentor, and public servant whose life reflected integrity, compassion, and commitment to his community.
____________________________________
DOCUMENTATION
NOTE: Efforts are underway to research the exact dates the appointment was conferred.
David B. Baker
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
David Barney Baker: First to accidentally discover that the presence of PCB's had been covered up for 50 years.
Year: Circa 1995 — 1996
Location: Anniston, Calhoun County, Alabama
Story:
Born September 1, 1951, David B. Baker, now, 74 years old, has been a life-long civil rights activist. Born in Anniston, Calhoun County, Alabama, he has ancestral roots in Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama by way of his grandparents, the late Reverend E. R. and Lucille Dunson and the late Benjamin & Lizzie Turner Baker. David's activism started in New York, when he was hired to work for one of the largest labor unions in existence. As a Union Organizer, David was privileged to work with many high-profile civil rights activists, (i.e. Walter Butler, Don King, Reverend Jesse Jackson, Reverend Al Sharpton, and many others etc.). After several years as a Union official, he returned home to Anniston, where he accidentally discovered the presence of PCB's and that the company responsible had covered this up for 50 years. Around 1996, he founded a non-profit organization, Community Against Pollution (CAP), with a mission of securing for citizens of Anniston and its surrounding areas compensation for the health consequences of the PCB infiltration throughout this large community. As a result of his impactful work against PCB's in Anniston, the community has received in excess of $1,000,000,000 in settlement funds, or services to the community. He has further received EPA awards for best community organization and outstanding leadership and contribution for meeting the goals of environmental justice. In November of 2003, the Alabama State Legislature conferred upon him, an honorary Doctorate Degree in Environmental Justice. In addition to leading CAP, David serves on the Environmental Work Group. He also served Anniston-Calhoun County as NAACP President, AND currently serves on the City Of Anniston, Police Citizen's Advisory Review Board.
__________________________
Documentation:
https://www.ewg.org/who-we-are/our-board/david-baker
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/David_Baker_(activist)
https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10229350622209933&id=1229877600
An African American community and the PCB contamination in Anniston, Alabama: An environmental justice case study
[email protected]
https://www.southernjusticearchive.com/p/still-standing-in-the-struggle
My City Was Gone
Baptized In PCBs
Monsanto Poisoned This Alabama Town — And People Are Still Sick
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
David Barney Baker: First to accidentally discover that the presence of PCB's had been covered up for 50 years.
Year: Circa 1995 — 1996
Location: Anniston, Calhoun County, Alabama
Story:
Born September 1, 1951, David B. Baker, now, 74 years old, has been a life-long civil rights activist. Born in Anniston, Calhoun County, Alabama, he has ancestral roots in Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama by way of his grandparents, the late Reverend E. R. and Lucille Dunson and the late Benjamin & Lizzie Turner Baker. David's activism started in New York, when he was hired to work for one of the largest labor unions in existence. As a Union Organizer, David was privileged to work with many high-profile civil rights activists, (i.e. Walter Butler, Don King, Reverend Jesse Jackson, Reverend Al Sharpton, and many others etc.). After several years as a Union official, he returned home to Anniston, where he accidentally discovered the presence of PCB's and that the company responsible had covered this up for 50 years. Around 1996, he founded a non-profit organization, Community Against Pollution (CAP), with a mission of securing for citizens of Anniston and its surrounding areas compensation for the health consequences of the PCB infiltration throughout this large community. As a result of his impactful work against PCB's in Anniston, the community has received in excess of $1,000,000,000 in settlement funds, or services to the community. He has further received EPA awards for best community organization and outstanding leadership and contribution for meeting the goals of environmental justice. In November of 2003, the Alabama State Legislature conferred upon him, an honorary Doctorate Degree in Environmental Justice. In addition to leading CAP, David serves on the Environmental Work Group. He also served Anniston-Calhoun County as NAACP President, AND currently serves on the City Of Anniston, Police Citizen's Advisory Review Board.
__________________________
Documentation:
https://www.ewg.org/who-we-are/our-board/david-baker
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/David_Baker_(activist)
https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10229350622209933&id=1229877600
An African American community and the PCB contamination in Anniston, Alabama: An environmental justice case study
[email protected]
https://www.southernjusticearchive.com/p/still-standing-in-the-struggle
My City Was Gone
Baptized In PCBs
Monsanto Poisoned This Alabama Town — And People Are Still Sick
2000s
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
The People’s Voice Weekly News:
East Alabama’s First African-American Weekly Print Newspaper Publication
Year Established: 2005
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Founder & Publisher: Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
The People’s Voice Weekly News:
East Alabama’s First African-American Weekly Print Newspaper Publication
Year Established: 2005
Location: Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama
Founder & Publisher: Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson
Early Issues Of The People's Voice Black Weekly News
Story:
In 2005, Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson embarked upon a bold and historic undertaking that would permanently mark the history of Black journalism and independent media in East Alabama. With the encouragement and support of family members, longtime friends, trusted community supporters, and allies connected to the legacy of her father, civil rights leader and funeral director Wilkie Clark, she founded The People’s Voice Weekly News — believed to be the first African-American-owned and operated weekly print newspaper publication in the East Alabama region.
Established during a period when many rural newspapers across America were struggling for survival, The People’s Voice Weekly News emerged as an independent community-centered publication dedicated to informing, uplifting, documenting, and empowering local citizens. The newspaper provided a platform through which African-American voices, concerns, political issues, civic achievements, church activities, educational accomplishments, memorial tributes, and matters affecting underserved communities could be openly discussed and preserved.
Far more than simply a newspaper, The People’s Voice Weekly News became a historical archive of community life in Randolph County and surrounding areas during the mid-2000s. Week after week, the publication documented stories that larger media outlets often ignored or overlooked. Through its pages, readers were able to follow local elections, public meetings, civil rights concerns, school activities, business developments, church events, family milestones, and regional issues impacting ordinary citizens.
The project was also deeply personal. Clark-Frieson often relied upon the wisdom, labor, encouragement, and sacrifices of a generation of older community advocates, supporters, and “old warriors” — many of whom had walked alongside her parents during earlier struggles for civil rights, political representation, and economic advancement in Randolph County. While many of those individuals have now transitioned, their fingerprints remain woven throughout the legacy of the publication and the broader historical journey of the Black community in East Alabama.
Launching and sustaining a weekly print newspaper in a rural Alabama community was no small feat. The work required extensive networking, advertising support, writing, editing, photography, distribution, fundraising, scheduling, and relentless determination. Yet despite the challenges, The People’s Voice Weekly News successfully circulated throughout the area for several years, creating a permanent record of voices and events that might otherwise have been lost to history.
Today, surviving editions of The People’s Voice Weekly News serve as invaluable historical artifacts documenting the social, political, cultural, and civic life of East Alabama during the early twenty-first century. Archived issues from 2005 through 2009 are now being preserved digitally through the Clark Memorial Foundation and the Clark Historic Landmark Site, ensuring that future generations will be able to study and appreciate this important chapter of local African-American history.
More than twenty years later, the founding of The People’s Voice Weekly News remains a significant “Historic First” — representing Black entrepreneurship, independent journalism, historical preservation, and the enduring determination to ensure that the voices of the community would not go unheard.
_____________________________
DOCUMENTATION:
Historical Reference & Archival Links
The People’s Voice Weekly News Archive
Archived Back Issues
- 2005 Issues
https://sites.google.com/view/clarkmemorialfoundation/about/the-peoples-voice/2005-issues-of-the-peoples-voice?authuser=0 - 2006 Issues
https://sites.google.com/view/clarkmemorialfoundation/about/the-peoples-voice/2006-issues-of-the-peoples-voice?authuser=0 - 2007 Issues:
https://sites.google.com/view/clarkmemorialfoundation/about/the-peoples-voice/2007-issues-of-the-peoples-voice?authuser=0 - 2008 Issues:
https://sites.google.com/view/clarkmemorialfoundation/about/the-peoples-voice/2007-issues-of-the-peoples-voice?authuser=0 - 2009 Issues:
https://sites.google.com/view/clarkmemorialfoundation/about/the-peoples-voice/2009-issues-of-the-peoples-voice?authuser=0
2010s
Dr. Effie Fields
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Dr. Effie Jean Fields:
First to Document and Analyze the Randolph County Desegregation Experience Through Scholarly Research
Year: 2017
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
Dr. Effie Jean Fields is recognized as the first scholar to conduct a comprehensive, in-depth study of the desegregation process in Randolph County, Alabama, examining its impact on African American students, faculty, and the broader community.
Through extensive research, personal interviews, and historical analysis, Dr. Fields captured the lived experiences and voices of those directly affected during the critical period from 1965 to 1975. Her work preserves perspectives that might otherwise have been lost to time, offering a deeply human account of a transformative era in local and educational history.
Her 309-page doctoral dissertation, Race, Law, & Literacy: A Case Study Revealing the Voices of African American Students of the Randolph County Desegregation Process from 1965 to 1975, stands as the most detailed and authoritative account of this period ever produced. The dissertation is housed in the University of Alabama’s electronic library system, ensuring its accessibility for future generations of scholars and historians.
Though not originally from Randolph County, Dr. Fields’ commitment to documenting its history left a lasting impact. Her work represents a vital contribution to the preservation of local civil rights history and provides an essential scholarly foundation for understanding the true effects of desegregation in East Alabama. Her work continues to serve as a foundational reference for those seeking to understand this pivotal period in Randolph County’s history.
Documentation:
• Clark Historic Site Feature Page: https://www.clarkhistoricsite.org/dr-effie-jean-fields.html
• University of Alabama Dissertation Repository: https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/2617
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Dr. Effie Jean Fields:
First to Document and Analyze the Randolph County Desegregation Experience Through Scholarly Research
Year: 2017
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
Dr. Effie Jean Fields is recognized as the first scholar to conduct a comprehensive, in-depth study of the desegregation process in Randolph County, Alabama, examining its impact on African American students, faculty, and the broader community.
Through extensive research, personal interviews, and historical analysis, Dr. Fields captured the lived experiences and voices of those directly affected during the critical period from 1965 to 1975. Her work preserves perspectives that might otherwise have been lost to time, offering a deeply human account of a transformative era in local and educational history.
Her 309-page doctoral dissertation, Race, Law, & Literacy: A Case Study Revealing the Voices of African American Students of the Randolph County Desegregation Process from 1965 to 1975, stands as the most detailed and authoritative account of this period ever produced. The dissertation is housed in the University of Alabama’s electronic library system, ensuring its accessibility for future generations of scholars and historians.
Though not originally from Randolph County, Dr. Fields’ commitment to documenting its history left a lasting impact. Her work represents a vital contribution to the preservation of local civil rights history and provides an essential scholarly foundation for understanding the true effects of desegregation in East Alabama. Her work continues to serve as a foundational reference for those seeking to understand this pivotal period in Randolph County’s history.
Documentation:
• Clark Historic Site Feature Page: https://www.clarkhistoricsite.org/dr-effie-jean-fields.html
• University of Alabama Dissertation Repository: https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/2617
Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson
Democratic Nominee For
Alabama House Of Representatives, District 37
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson: First African American to qualify and run for Alabama State Representative, House District 37.
Year: 2018
Location: Montgomery, Alabama
Story:
In February of 2018, accompanied by Mrs. Mellie Parish, (then Chairman of the Randolph County Democratic Executive Committee) Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson traveled to Montgomery, Alabama, where she officially qualified as a candidate at the Alabama Democratic Party Headquarters by paying the required $1,000 qualifying fee. With that step, she became the first African American to seek election to the Alabama House of Representatives from District 37.
Her candidacy emerged during a moment of renewed political energy across Alabama, following the historic 2017 election of U.S. Senator Doug Jones. That victory inspired a wave of civic engagement, encouraging new voices to enter the political arena.
Running unopposed in the Democratic Primary, Clark-Frieson secured her party’s nomination, advancing to the General Election against incumbent Representative Bob Fincher. Her name was officially certified among Democratic candidates for the 2018 election cycle, marking her place in the historical record.
Although she was not victorious in the November General Election, her campaign represented a significant breakthrough in local political history. She brought visibility, representation, and a new level of participation to a district where such a candidacy had not previously occurred.
Her run was not simply about the outcome of a single election — it was about opening the door. In doing so, she helped expand the boundaries of what was possible for future candidates in Randolph County and the surrounding region.
Her candidacy marked a modern extension of a long-standing legacy of civic engagement and community leadership in Randolph County.
_____________________________
DOCUMENTATION:
https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/political-courage-test/180375/charlotte-clark-frieson
https://ballotpedia.org/Charlotte_Clark-Frieson
https://www.commercialappeal.com/elections/results/race/2018-11-06-state_house-AL-1223/
https://www.sos.alabama.gov/sites/default/files/voter-pdfs/Democratic%20Party%20Candidate%20Certification%202018.pdf
https://aldailynews.com/race-ratings-alabama-house/
https://www.commercialappeal.com/elections/results/2018-11-06/state/alabama/lower/
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson: First African American to qualify and run for Alabama State Representative, House District 37.
Year: 2018
Location: Montgomery, Alabama
Story:
In February of 2018, accompanied by Mrs. Mellie Parish, (then Chairman of the Randolph County Democratic Executive Committee) Charlotte A. Clark-Frieson traveled to Montgomery, Alabama, where she officially qualified as a candidate at the Alabama Democratic Party Headquarters by paying the required $1,000 qualifying fee. With that step, she became the first African American to seek election to the Alabama House of Representatives from District 37.
Her candidacy emerged during a moment of renewed political energy across Alabama, following the historic 2017 election of U.S. Senator Doug Jones. That victory inspired a wave of civic engagement, encouraging new voices to enter the political arena.
Running unopposed in the Democratic Primary, Clark-Frieson secured her party’s nomination, advancing to the General Election against incumbent Representative Bob Fincher. Her name was officially certified among Democratic candidates for the 2018 election cycle, marking her place in the historical record.
Although she was not victorious in the November General Election, her campaign represented a significant breakthrough in local political history. She brought visibility, representation, and a new level of participation to a district where such a candidacy had not previously occurred.
Her run was not simply about the outcome of a single election — it was about opening the door. In doing so, she helped expand the boundaries of what was possible for future candidates in Randolph County and the surrounding region.
Her candidacy marked a modern extension of a long-standing legacy of civic engagement and community leadership in Randolph County.
_____________________________
DOCUMENTATION:
https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/political-courage-test/180375/charlotte-clark-frieson
https://ballotpedia.org/Charlotte_Clark-Frieson
https://www.commercialappeal.com/elections/results/race/2018-11-06-state_house-AL-1223/
https://www.sos.alabama.gov/sites/default/files/voter-pdfs/Democratic%20Party%20Candidate%20Certification%202018.pdf
https://aldailynews.com/race-ratings-alabama-house/
https://www.commercialappeal.com/elections/results/2018-11-06/state/alabama/lower/
| democratic_party_candidate_certification_2018.pdf |
| 2018-5-23_-_newspaper_articles.pdf |
| 2018-5-23_-_newspaper_articles__charlotte_.pdf |
| LetMeExplain.pdf |
| 2018-11-07__-__the_associated_press__alabama_state_house_-_district_37_election_results.png |
Wilkie Sherard Frieson
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Wilkie Sherard Frieson: First African American to Run For Randolph County Coroner
Year: 2018
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
In the 2018 Midterm Election, Wilkie Sherard Frieson — grandson and namesake of the late Wilkie Clark— made history as the first African American to run for the office of Randolph County Coroner.
Frieson entered the race against longtime incumbent Terry Sparks, who had served the community in that role for several years. Although Frieson was not elected, his candidacy marked a significant milestone, representing a step forward in expanding political participation and opportunity within the county.
His campaign also served as an important introduction to public service and local politics, continuing a family legacy rooted in leadership, courage, and community advocacy.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Wilkie Sherard Frieson: First African American to Run For Randolph County Coroner
Year: 2018
Location: Randolph County, Alabama
Story:
In the 2018 Midterm Election, Wilkie Sherard Frieson — grandson and namesake of the late Wilkie Clark— made history as the first African American to run for the office of Randolph County Coroner.
Frieson entered the race against longtime incumbent Terry Sparks, who had served the community in that role for several years. Although Frieson was not elected, his candidacy marked a significant milestone, representing a step forward in expanding political participation and opportunity within the county.
His campaign also served as an important introduction to public service and local politics, continuing a family legacy rooted in leadership, courage, and community advocacy.
2020s
[]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Chief Sammarintino Billingslea: First African American Chief of the Roanoke Police Department
Year: 2026
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
For the first time in the history of Roanoke, Alabama, Chief Sammarintino Billingslea was appointed as the city’s first African American Chief of the Roanoke Police Department, marking a significant milestone in local law enforcement and community leadership.
On February 16, 2026, Chief Billingslea was officially appointed to the position. Later that month, on February 27, he retired after 31 years of dedicated service with the Troup County Sheriff’s Office and the City of Franklin Police Department. Just days later, on March 2, 2026, he was formally sworn in as Chief of Police for the City of Roanoke.
The swearing-in ceremony was both historic and deeply personal. His only brother held the Bible as he took the oath of office, while his parents [Freddie Billingslea of Fredonia, Chambers County, Alabama and Mosie Brooks of Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama] had the honor of pinning his badge—making the occasion not only a professional achievement, but a meaningful family moment.
Chief Billingslea’s appointment represents a new chapter in the history of Roanoke and Randolph County, reflecting both progress and the continued evolution of leadership within the community.
His leadership stands as a testament to progress and the expanding opportunities for representation in public service.
_______________________________
DOCUMENTATION: The Randolph Leader February 18, 2026 Page 1 Roanoke Hires Police Chief, City Clerk
The Randolph Leader, February 18, 2026 Page 4A (continued from Page 1)
⭐ ⭐ ⭐
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Chief Sammarintino Billingslea: First African American Chief of the Roanoke Police Department
Year: 2026
Location: Roanoke, Alabama
Story:
For the first time in the history of Roanoke, Alabama, Chief Sammarintino Billingslea was appointed as the city’s first African American Chief of the Roanoke Police Department, marking a significant milestone in local law enforcement and community leadership.
On February 16, 2026, Chief Billingslea was officially appointed to the position. Later that month, on February 27, he retired after 31 years of dedicated service with the Troup County Sheriff’s Office and the City of Franklin Police Department. Just days later, on March 2, 2026, he was formally sworn in as Chief of Police for the City of Roanoke.
The swearing-in ceremony was both historic and deeply personal. His only brother held the Bible as he took the oath of office, while his parents [Freddie Billingslea of Fredonia, Chambers County, Alabama and Mosie Brooks of Roanoke, Randolph County, Alabama] had the honor of pinning his badge—making the occasion not only a professional achievement, but a meaningful family moment.
Chief Billingslea’s appointment represents a new chapter in the history of Roanoke and Randolph County, reflecting both progress and the continued evolution of leadership within the community.
His leadership stands as a testament to progress and the expanding opportunities for representation in public service.
_______________________________
DOCUMENTATION: The Randolph Leader February 18, 2026 Page 1 Roanoke Hires Police Chief, City Clerk
The Randolph Leader, February 18, 2026 Page 4A (continued from Page 1)
